- The Persian Period, Edict of Cyrus
- the return from Exile led by Ezra, Nehemiah and the rebuilding of the Temple
- the Hellenist Period – Alexander the Great
- the Hasmonean (Macabean) revolt and dynasty
- the Roman Period – King Herod, Josephus Flavius
- the ministry of Jesus, the New Testament
- Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes, the Dead Sea Scrolls
- the Jewish revolt against Rome
- the destruction of the Second Temple
- Masada
