- Schism – Catholic and Orthodox Christians
- First Crusade – Godfrey de Bouillon, Baldwin
- Later Crusades – Richard the Lion Hearted and Saladin
- the battle of the Horns of Hittin
- Sephoris (Zippori), Acre (Acco), Belvoir, Caesarea
- Catholic orders – Templars, Lazarists, Hospitallers
